Difference between breast milk and fore milk

Breast milk refers to milk to feed the baby. It provides the primary source of infant nutrition before they can eat and digest foods for infants and parents of young children may continue to be breastfed. Infant mother is the most common way to get the milk, but milk can be pumped and then fed to the bottle, cup and or a spoon, drip systems and integrating the nasogastric tube. Breast milk can give a woman other than the child mother or was pumped into the milk (eg milk bank), or if a woman nurses a child other than his chest - and this is called wetnursing.


The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, gradually introducing solids around the age when signs of the preparation is indicated. breastfeeding is recommended at least until the age of two years, provided the mother and the child wants. Breastfeeding will continue to offer health benefits during and after the children. These benefits include reduced risk of sudden death syndrome (SIDS), increased intelligence, decreased the likelihood of middle ear infections, cold and flu bugs, a decreased risk of certain cancers such as childhood leukemia, reduced risk of diabetes in children has decreased the risk of asthma and eczema, dental problems, lower, lower risk of obesity later in life, and decreased risk of psychological disorders.

Cancer Research in UK

Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) has been introduced in 1902 as the Cancer Research Fund and its name was changed to Imperial Cancer Research Fund, two years later. The charity has grown over the next twenty years as one of the leading cancer charity in the world of research. Until the merger, which has made an enormous contribution in almost all research on cancer. Its laboratories in Lincoln & Inn Fields and Clare Hall, now known as Cancer Research UK London Research Institute.

In 2008/09, the charity spent 303 million pounds for Cancer Research, the funding of the work of more than 4,500 scientists, doctors and nurses in the UK. Supports more than 100 clinical trials and cancer research and cancer risk in over one million people in the United Kingdom. Approximately 40% of total expenditure on research is basic research laboratory, which is relevant to all types of cancer. This research on the molecular basis of cancer to better understand how cancer grows and spreads and therefore provides a basis for future research. The remaining funding is used to support research at more than 100 types of specific cancers, focusing on key areas such as drug discovery and development, prevention, early detection and imaging, surgery and radiotherapy, and cancer, where survival is still low, as the esophagus, lung and pancreas. This important work will help ensure that millions of people who survive cancer.

Brian tumor

A brain tumor is a solid tumor, intracranial tumor (defined as an abnormal growth of cells) in the brain or spinal central canal. Brain tumors account for all tumors inside the skull or the spinal central canal. They are created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division, normally either in the brain (neurons, glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, myelin-producing Schwann cells), lymphatic tissue, blood vessels) of brain nerves in the brain envelopes (meninges), skull, pituitary and pineal gland, or spread of cancers primarily located in other organs (metastatic tumors).

Any brain tumor itself is serious, even fatal, because of its invasive nature and infiltrating the limited space of the intracranial cavity. However, brain tumors (malignant, even among themselves) do not automatically lead to death. Brain tumors or intracranial tumors can Cancer definitions (malignant) or noncancerous (benign), but benign or malignant tumors differ from those commonly used in other types of cancer or noncancerous tumors in the body. His level of threat depends on a combination of factors like the type of tumor, its location, size and development status. Because the brain is well protected by the skull, the early detection of a brain tumor only occurs when the diagnostic tools targeting intracranial cavity. Typically, detection occurs at an advanced stage, when the presence of the tumor have side effects that cause unexplained symptoms.

How to cure DNA

DNA repair refers to a set of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as light and UV radiation can damage DNA, causing up to 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell day. Most of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and may modify or eliminate the ability of the cell to transcribe the gene encoding the DNA concerned. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the genome of the cell, affecting the survival of its daughter cells after undergoing mitosis. Thus, the process of DNA repair is constantly active, it responds to damage the structure of DNA. When the normal repair process does not, and when there is no apoptosis, DNA irreparable damage may occur including DNA crosslinks and DNA double-strand.


Number of DNA repair depends on many factors, including cell type, age of the cell and extracellular environment. Cell, which has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or no longer effectively repairs damage to DNA, can come in three different states: an irreversible state of dormancy, ie the aging of the two cell suicide, which is also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death 3 unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor is the ability of a tumor cell DNA repair is essential for the integrity of its genome, and then normal operation and the body. Many of the genes, which were originally shown to influence lifespan have been shown to be involved in the repair of DNA damage and protection. Failure to correct molecular lesions in cells that form gametes can be included mutations in the genome of the offspring and thus influence the evolution.

Chromosomes

A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and proteins in cells. This is one piece spiral of DNA contains many genes, regulatory elements and other sequences of nucleotides. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which are used for packaging of DNA and control its functions. The chromosome comes from the Greek (chroma, color), (soma, body) due to their property to be strongly colored by certain dyes.

Chromosomes are highly variable among different organisms. The DNA molecule can be circular or linear and may be composed of 10,000 billion nucleotides in a long chain. Typically eukaryotic cells (cells with nuclei) have large linear chromosomes and prokaryotic cells (cells without defined nucleus) smaller circular chromosomes, but there are many exceptions to this rule. In addition, cells can contain more than one type of chromosome, for example, in most eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts in plants have their own small chromosome.


In eukaryotes, nuclear chromosomes are packaged by proteins in a structure called chromatin condensed. This allows very long DNA molecules to fit into the cell nucleus. The structure of chromosomes and chromatin varies during the cell cycle. Chromosomes are the essential unity of cell division and must be replicated, divided, and successfully passed his daughter cells to ensure genetic diversity and survival of their offspring. Chromosomes may exist as duplicates or no duplicates, without duplicating the single-stranded chromosomes are linear, whereas duplicated chromosomes (copied during synthesis phase) contain two copies joined by a kinetochore. Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis in the results of the classical structure with four arms (see photo at right). chromosomal recombination plays a key role in genetic diversity. If such structures are handled incorrectly, through a process known as chromosomal instability and translocation.

breast stroke

Breaststroke is the slowest of the four strokes of the official competition. The fastest breaststroke swimmers can swim around 1.57 meters per second. Although the slowest of the four strokes competitive, it is widely accepted that it is by far the hardest to do well. It is also often the hardest to learn for bathers who rises after the butterfly because of the importance of timing and coordination required to move the legs is good breaststroke swim while leaning on the chest, arms that breaking the surface of the water slightly and legs always underwater, while his head under water for the second half of the race. The move is sometimes called a kick & quot frog & quot, because of the similarity of a sudden a frog, but when done correctly, it is a whip kick & quot, due to movement of the whip, the displacement of the heart through the legs.


The body is often at a steep angle to the motion. This slows down the swimmer more than any other style. Professional breaststroke using the abdominal muscles and hips to add extra power to move, even though most are not perfectly this technique until the college level. This much faster form of breaststroke is called &quot, wave action & quot; breaststroke and fully integrates the whip-kick. A particular feature of the breaststroke competition is the withdrawal underwater. From the streamline position, using his arm to pull down from the hips. As your arms drop, a dolphin kick permitted to drop is optional. It is followed by the recovery of arms in streamline position again, and then a kick. The withdrawal to start and after turns contributes significantly to the pool once. Therefore, a way to improve swimming is time to focus on starting and running.